Dengue fever

Dengue fever, also known as breakbone fever, is a viral illness caused by the bite of a mosquito. Dengue fever is found worldwide, but more frequently seen in Caribbean countries, central and South America, Mexico, the Pacific and tropical countries of Asia, and parts of tropical Africa.

Most of the cases in the United States are seen in people who have traveled to a tropical region. However, with the decrease in mosquito control programs, the numbers of cases of dengue fever have been rising.

The incubation period may range from three to 15 days, however symptoms usually begin 5 to 8 days after being bitten by an infected mosquito. Most dengue fever results in a relatively mild illness.

Symptoms include:

• sudden onset of high fever
• severe headache
• rash
• swollen glands
• severe muscle and joint pain
• nausea and vomiting
• flushing of the face and
• pain behind the eyes or with movement of the eyes

The first three symptoms are known as the "Dengue Triad." Dengue fever should be considered in any patient with these symptoms who has a history of traveling to tropical climates throughout the world. If dengue fever is suspected, your healthcare provider will order a blood test to confirm the diagnosis.

The treatment for dengue fever is supportive care with bed rest advised during the period of high fever. Acetaminophen is the preferred treatment for fever and headache because of the blood thinning properties of aspirin. Acetaminophen should not be taken by anyone with known liver or kidney disease. Do not drink alcohol when taking more than 1 dose of acetaminophen.

Although generally dengue fever results in a relatively mild illness, some cases can result in dengue hemorrhagic fever, which can be very serious. See a healthcare provider immediately if these serious symptoms develop:

• spontaneous bleeding occurs (usually in the form of minor skin hemorrhage, bleeding gums, or nosebleeds)
• weak, rapid pulse develops
• cold clammy skin or
• restlessness

Prevention is the most important means of reducing dengue fever. Support community-based mosquito control programs that include cleaning up any artificial breeding grounds for mosquitoes, such as discarded tires and other containers where water can pool. Schedule travel to infected areas during the seasons when mosquitoes are less prevalent. Stay in facilities that are clean, insect free, and have air conditioning or well-screened windows.

When in a mosquito infested area, avoid wearing colognes, perfumes, and other scented products. Cover exposed skin as much as possible and use insect repellents, netting and protective clothing. You should also avoid swimming in small ponds or lagoons, which are mosquito-breeding areas.

Last Reviewed 2005

Disclaimer: this content is reviewed periodically and is subject to change as new health information becomes available. The information provided is intended to be informative and educational and is not a replacement for professional medical evaluation, advice, diagnosis or treatment by a healthcare professional.

HIL File INFE4738.rf2 VRS# 4738 Data Version 7.0 Copyright 1999-2000, 2003 McKesson Health Solutions LLC. All rights reserved.